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In the Sky this Week – December 14, 2021

By Robert Trembley  |  14 Dec 2021  |  Sacred Space Astronomy

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This entry is part 217 of 253 in the series In the Sky This Week

Feature|The Sky|The Moon|The Sun|Asteroids|Fireballs|The Solar System|Spacecraft News|Exoplanets|Aurora|Light Pollution|The Universe|

Endeavour Space Academy

Yesterday at my after-school astronomy club meeting, I had a student tell me he saw the constellation Orion! Awesome! Only 87 more to go!

For my next constellation assignment, I showed the students these slides of where Lyra was located at sunset – I then showed them a couple images of the Ring nebula, and the Helix nebula as a comparison (see Universe section below).

Next meeting will be in the new year – I’m going to go over open and globular clusters.

Western sky after sunset

The Sky - In the Sky

Jupiter, Saturn and Venus appear in the south-southwestern sky after sunset all week. We’re heading up on one year after the close conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn on Dec. 21st of last year – it’s interesting to note how far apart the two planets have spread.

South-southwestern sky after sunset
Jupiter, Saturn and Venus share the south-southwestern sky after sunset this week with the stars Altair and Fomalhaut. Credit: Bob Trembley / Stellarium.

Mars continues to appear low above the southeastern horizon before sunrise all week.

Southeastern horizon before sunrise
Mars continues to appear low above the southeastern horizon before sunrise all week. Credit: Bob Trembley / Stellarium.

The Moon appears near the planet Uranus high in the eastern sky after sunset on Dec. 14th.

Eastern sky after sunset
The Moon appears near the planet Uranus high in the eastern sky after sunset on Dec. 14th. Credit: Bob Trembley / Stellarium.

The Moon appears between the star Aldebaran and the Pleiades star cluster in the eastern sky after sunset on Dec. 16th.

Eastern sky after sunset
The Moon appears between the star Aldebaran and the Pleiades in the eastern sky after sunset on Dec. 16th. Credit: Bob Trembley / Stellarium.

The Moon appears in the center of the Winter Hexagon in the eastern sky after sunset on Dec. 18th.

Eastern sky after sunset
The Moon appears in the center of the Winter Hexagon in the eastern sky after sunset on Dec. 18th. Credit: Bob Trembley / Stellarium.

The Moon appears near the star Pollux in the eastern sky after sunset on Dec. 20th.

Eastern sky after sunset
The Moon appears near the star Pollux in the eastern sky after sunset on Dec. 20th. Credit: Bob Trembley / Stellarium.
The Moon - In the Sky
  • The Moon is a Waxing Gibbous – visible to the southeast in early evening, and up for most of the night.
  • The Full Moon occurs on Dec. 18th – rising at sunset, visible high in the sky around midnight, and visible all night.
  • After Dec. 18th, the Moon will be a Waning Gibbous – rising after sunset, visible high in the sky after midnight, and visible to the southwest after sunrise.
Moon
The Moon from Dec. 14-20, 2021. Visualizations by Ernie Wright / NASA’s Scientific Visualization Studio.

If you click on the Moon image above, or click this link, you will go to NASA’s Moon Phase and Libration, 2021 page – it will show you what the Moon looks like right now. If you click the image on that page, you will download a high-rez TIFF image annotated with the names of prominent features – helpful for logging your lunar observations!

Moon News

Snoopy, the Zero G Indicator for the Artemis I mission

#AstronautSnoopy says hello to his ride to the Moon!

As the Zero G Indicator for the #Artemis I mission, Snoopy arrived at @NASAKennedy on Dec. 2 before being loaded into the @NASA_Orion spacecraft ahead of launch early next year. https://t.co/eJxVqSRbYj pic.twitter.com/RiFrFOw06h

— NASA Artemis (@NASAArtemis) December 10, 2021

The Moon's Gruithuisen Domes

Big volcanoes, like Mt Fuji, formed in the presence of 2 key ingredients: water & plate tectonics. The Moon's Gruithuisen Domes, pictured here, appear to be similar in composition, but the Moon has little water and no tectonics.

So, how did they form? https://t.co/ptD8XGgwhu pic.twitter.com/TVq6jvltFJ

— NASA Moon (@NASAMoon) December 13, 2021

The Sun - In the Sky

The Sun has 3 spots – Spaceweather.com says “Little sunspots are popping up all over the sun’s SE quadrant. None poses a threat for strong flares–not yet.”

The Sun on December 14, 2021. Credit: SDO/HMI

The Sun seen in 193 angstroms on December 13th

Both northern and southern coronal holes are open and fairly large; there are a couple coronal holes in the southern hemisphere that seem to want to stretch towards each other. LOTS of coronal loop activity in the SE quadrant.

https://sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/assets/img/dailymov/2021/12/13/20211213_1024_0193.mp4

The Sun seen in 304 angstroms on December 13th

Several long-lived prominences, lots of filaments, and a couple “angry” regions of activity rotating into view.

https://sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/assets/img/dailymov/2021/12/13/20211213_1024_0304.mp4

Videos courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams.
You can view the Sun in near real-time, in multiple frequencies here: SDO-The Sun Now.
You can create your own time-lapse movies of the Sun here: AIA/HMI Browse Data.
You can browse all the SDO images of the Sun from 2010 to the present here: Browse SDO archive.


Amateur Solar Astrophotography

Sun
Sun on Dec. 14, 2021. Credit: Mike Kane

Solar Corona

Solar wind speed is 310.6 km/sec ▼ with a density of 11.9 protons/cm3 ▲ at 1514 UT.

Sun
SOHO LASCO C2 Latest Image

Click here to see a near real-time animation of the corona and solar wind from the Solar & Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO).

Sun News:

The ESA’s Solar Orbiter completes Earth flyby – with a lot of fanfare about flying through Earth’s space debris fields.

We’ve touched the Sun! ☀️

Announced today at #AGU21, NASA’s Parker Solar Probe has officially become the first spacecraft to fly through the Sun’s outer atmosphere, or corona.

Learn more: https://t.co/PuvczKHVxI pic.twitter.com/CuJQ2UMymi

— NASA Goddard (@NASAGoddard) December 14, 2021

Asteroids - In the Sky
  • Near-Earth Objects (NEOs) discovered this month: 118, this year: 3012 (+55), all time: 27,847 (+196)
  • Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs): 2237 (+3 updated 2021-12-14)
  • Total Minor Planets discovered (NASA): 1,113,527 (updated 2021-08-17) – not updated for many weeks.
  • Total Minor Planets discovered (MPC): 1,143,321 (-50, updated 2021-12-14)

Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:

Asteroid Date(UT) Miss Distance Velocity (km/s) Diameter (m)
2021 WZ5 2021-Dec-13 4.6 LD 1.9 5
2021 VW27 2021-Dec-13 18.7 LD 8.4 39
2019 XQ1 2021-Dec-13 14.1 LD 9.1 30
2021 WW2 2021-Dec-13 14.2 LD 10.8 28
2021 XS4 2021-Dec-14 12.3 LD 9.3 23
2021 XR4 2021-Dec-14 3.7 LD 10.9 16
2021 VT6 2021-Dec-14 7.7 LD 6.9 49
2021 WZ4 2021-Dec-14 5 LD 14.1 40
2021 XG4 2021-Dec-15 17 LD 20.4 40
2004 YC 2021-Dec-15 18.4 LD 8.1 27
2021 XQ5 2021-Dec-16 4.5 LD 10.6 10
163899 2021-Dec-17 14.2 LD 5.6 1093
2021 LX3 2021-Dec-18 19.7 LD 6.5 124
2021 XV5 2021-Dec-19 7.9 LD 7.1 28
2016 YY10 2021-Dec-21 11.3 LD 9.2 23
2017 XQ60 2021-Dec-21 13.7 LD 15.7 47
2016 TR54 2021-Dec-24 16.9 LD 15.5 135
2018 AH 2021-Dec-27 11.9 LD 12.7 112
2017 AE3 2021-Dec-29 9.3 LD 19.1 155
2014 YE15 2022-Jan-06 19.3 LD 6.4 8
2020 AP1 2022-Jan-07 4.6 LD 5.7 4
2013 YD48 2022-Jan-11 14.6 LD 14.8 107
2021 BA 2022-Jan-18 9.8 LD 9.1 22
7482 2022-Jan-18 5.2 LD 19.6 1732
2018 PN22 2022-Jan-21 11.4 LD 2.7 11
2017 XC62 2022-Jan-24 18.7 LD 4.3 112
2021 BZ 2022-Jan-27 17.6 LD 14.6 39
2018 CA1 2022-Feb-05 9.8 LD 15.1 32
2007 UY1 2022-Feb-08 13.9 LD 6.6 89
Notes: LD means “Lunar Distance.” 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU. MAG is the visual magnitude of the asteroid on the date of closest approach.

Asteroid News:

NASA’s ‘Eyes on Asteroids’ - 3D Real-Time asteroid tracker

Oh my goodness! Go play with this website RIGHT NOW!!!

Here at @NASA, we're on the job to find & track near-Earth objects…but have you ever wondered WHERE the known objects are? Through a new 3D real-time visualization tool, you can now explore asteroids and comets that approach Earth’s orbital neighborhood: https://t.co/UPt01yi54G pic.twitter.com/0eqMIQUhNa

— NASA Asteroid Watch (@AsteroidWatch) December 10, 2021

HERA spacecraft capable of spying 100 meters under the surface of asteroid Dimorphos

In addition to analyzing the results of the #DARTMission , @esa HERA spacecraft will have equipment capable of spying 100 meters under the surface of the #asteroid Dimorphos. Check out details of this mission in this article from @universetoday https://t.co/C6JD5KB4wT pic.twitter.com/oqDLhO8Kiw

— Asteroid Day ☄ (@AsteroidDay) December 10, 2021
Fireballs - In the Sky

On December 13, 2021, the NASA All Sky Fireball Network reported 82 fireballs!
(46 Geminids, 31 sporadics, 3 sigma Hydrids, 2 Dec. Monocerotids`)

In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point–Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). Credit: SpaceWeather.com

Fireball News:

An early Geminid tracked by a telescope of the Canadian Automated Meteor Observatory. Field of view is 1.5 degrees imaging at 80 fps #Geminids @amsmeteors @IMOmeteors
Credit: @WesternU Meteor Physics Group / @NASA
Meteoroid Environment Office pic.twitter.com/zrbiz2k3yw

— Peter Brown (@pgbrown) December 10, 2021

If you see a bright meteor or a fireball, please REPORT IT to the American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization!

The Solar System - In the Sky

Position of the planets & several spacecraft in the inner solar system on December 14th:

Inner Solar System
Top-down view of the inner solar system on Dec. 14, 2021. Credit: Bob Trembley / NASA Eyes on the Solar System

Position of the planets in the middle solar system:

Middle Solar System
Top-down view of the middle solar system on Dec. 14, 2021. Credit: Bob Trembley / NASA Eyes on the Solar System

Position of the planets in the outer solar system:

Outer Solar System
Top-down view of the middle solar system on Dec. 14, 2021. Credit: Bob Trembley / NASA Eyes on the Solar System

Solar System News

“If there’s a question that we don’t know the answer to, we will test it.” – Test Engineer Pavlina Karafillis. NASA has begun testing hardware for an ambitious plan to bring Mars samples back to Earth for closer study. See more: https://t.co/kMmW631bxG pic.twitter.com/NVF4YT41pp

— NASA Mars (@NASAMars) December 13, 2021

Spacecraft News - In the Sky

Hubble Space Telescope Imagery on Display at Dulles Airport

The images on display are fantastic! Detroit Metro Airport needs to do this!

Traveling through @Dulles_Airport this upcoming holiday season?

You’ll now get to explore the universe through Hubble before you jet home with this new exhibit: https://t.co/rbTstJxQIt

Credit: N. Espinoza/STScI pic.twitter.com/mrN2ixu0UK

— Hubble Space Telescope (@HubbleTelescope) December 14, 2021

Flight 17 of the Mars Helicopter

HiRISE - Beautiful Mars

Get out your red/blue glasses!

HiRISE 3D: Olympica Fossae

A rather scenic landscape. Olympica Fossae are large troughs in the Tharsis region of Mars. Troughs form when the crust is stretched until it breaks along two subparallel failure planes, or faults.
https://t.co/Pk8OjYJ2ms
NASA/JPL/UArizona#Mars pic.twitter.com/omkGg3Vftv

— HiRISE: Beautiful Mars (NASA) (@HiRISE) December 14, 2021

SpaceX Crew Dragon to Head to ISS Next Week

In ONE week, @SpaceX's Dragon spacecraft will launch to the @Space_Station to deliver new science investigations, supplies, and equipment for the international crew.

Join us at 1pm ET to learn about the @ISS_Research being delivered to the orbiting lab: https://t.co/Sr9nNSfH3Z pic.twitter.com/qKskfJ4ga0

— NASA's Kennedy Space Center (@NASAKennedy) December 14, 2021

Crew of #NS19 Headed to space on Dec. 11th on board #NewShepard.

Liftoff! The crew of #NS19 headed to space today on board #NewShepard. The third human spaceflight for the program in 2021. pic.twitter.com/Z8V3k652Or

— Blue Origin (@blueorigin) December 11, 2021

4 Earth Science Missions to Launch Next Year

Big news! @NASA is launching four Earth science missions next year, all aiming to answer more climate questions (think extreme storms, surface water, atmospheric dust, and more). Scientists will provide the details during #AGU21. Learn more ⬇️ https://t.co/hedKStGshm

— NASA Climate (@NASAClimate) December 14, 2021

NASA’s Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) mission launched

Congratulations to the #IXPE team on a successful launch! 🎉 We’re looking forward to what your unique view of the X-ray world will add to our knowledge of black holes, neutron stars, supernova debris, and more! https://t.co/737T8Y3duP pic.twitter.com/ZXnDwqfjSV

— NASA Universe (@NASAUniverse) December 9, 2021

CO2

415.86 ppm #CO2

📈 415.86 ppm #CO2 in the atmosphere December 13, 2021 📈 Up from 413.77 ppm a year ago 📈 Mauna Loa Observatory @NOAA data & graphic: https://t.co/MZIEphZ65P 📈 https://t.co/DpFGQoZclJ tracking: https://t.co/PTTkLiQebA 🙏 View & share often 🙏 pic.twitter.com/m86WUVnZYs

— CO2_Earth (@CO2_earth) December 14, 2021

See a list of current NASA missions here: https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions?mission_status=current

Exoplanets - In the Sky

ex·o·plan·et /ˈeksōˌplanət/, noun: a planet orbiting a star other than the Sun.

All Exoplanets 4877 (+301)
Confirmed Planets Discovered by Kepler 2703 (+301)
Kepler Project Candidates Yet To Be Confirmed 2060 (-301)
Confirmed Planets Discovered by K2 477
K2 Candidates Yet To Be Confirmed 1022
Confirmed Planets Discovered by TESS 173
TESS Project Candidates Integrated into Archive (2021-12-10 13:00:04) 4708
Current date TESS Project Candidates at ExoFOP 4708
TESS Candidates Yet To Be Confirmed 3116 (-8)

Data from the NASA Exoplanet Archive
* Confirmed Planets Discovered by TESS refers to the number planets that have been published in the refereed astronomical literature.
* TESS Project Candidates refers to the total number of transit-like events that appear to be astrophysical in origin, including false positives as identified by the TESS Project.
* TESS Project Candidates Yet To Be Confirmed refers to the number of TESS Project Candidates that have not yet been dispositioned as a Confirmed Planet or False Positive.

Exoplanet News:

In just a few days, @NASA will launch @NASAWebb, along with @esa, @csa_asc & other partners. It is the most advanced space science observatory ever built, and we want you to be part of the launch!🚀 https://t.co/DgGCxBAi7a pic.twitter.com/8PvbAtmxT4

— NASA Exoplanets (@NASAExoplanets) December 13, 2021

Aurora - In the Sky
Aurora. Taken by IAN BYERS  on July 12, 2021 @ menesjarvi finland

SpaceWeather.com Realtime Aurora Gallery: https://spaceweathergallery.com/aurora_gallery.html

Latest Aurora Oval Forecast

Aurora – 30 Minute forecast. Credit: NOAA. Click image to see northern and southern hemisphere Aurora forecast.
Light Pollution - In the Sky

What a great success story! https://t.co/vKcBvuepDC

— DarkSky International (@IDADarkSky) December 10, 2021

  • Visit an International Dark Sky Park: https://www.darksky.org/our-work/conservation/idsp/parks/
  • If you live in Michigan, visit the Michigan Dark Skies site: https://sites.lsa.umich.edu/darkskies/
The Universe - In the Sky

The mere fact that gravitational waves can be detected – just blows me away!

📣 New #SpaceScoop 🚀🗞️
What do objects in the inner regions of Milky Way🌌have in common with those on the extreme outer Galaxy? 'A great chemistry!' Learn what #astronomers using @almaobs found at the outer edge of our galaxy for the first time, here ↘️https://t.co/KthJGB6faG pic.twitter.com/S234g7DwWV

— Universe Awareness (@unawe) December 7, 2021

Beautiful Universe: Ring, Helix and Planetary Nebulae

I showed these images to students during my after-school astronomy and space science club:

M57 The Ring Nebula
M57, The Ring Nebula in Lyra. Image Credit: NASA/Hubble Heritage

“The Ring Nebula (M57), is more complicated than it appears through a small telescope. The easily visible central ring is about one light-year across, but this remarkably deep exposure – a collaborative effort combining data from three different large telescopes – explores the looping filaments of glowing gas extending much farther from the nebula‘s central star. This composite image includes red light emitted by hydrogen as well as visible and infrared light. The Ring Nebula is an elongated planetary nebula, a type of nebula created when a Sun-like star evolves to throw off its outer atmosphere to become a white dwarf star. The Ring Nebula is about 2,500 light-years away toward the musical constellation Lyra.” – APOD

Rings Around the Ring Nebula. Image Credit: Hubble, Large Binocular Telescope, Subaru Telescope; Composition & Copyright: Robert Gendler

This composite image is a view of the colorful Helix Nebula taken with the Advanced Camera for Surveys aboard NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope and the Mosaic II Camera on the 4-meter telescope at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile. The object is so large that both telescopes were needed to capture a complete view. The Helix is a planetary nebula, the glowing gaseous envelope expelled by a dying, sun-like star. The Helix resembles a simple doughnut as seen from Earth. But looks can be deceiving. New evidence suggests that the Helix consists of two gaseous disks nearly perpendicular to each other.

Helix Nebula
Helix Nebula. Credit: NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope and the Mosaic II Camera on the 4-meter telescope at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile

I also showed this image – bonus points if you know which object is not actually a planetary nebula!

A Hubble Space Telescope sampler of planetary nebulae. Credit: NASA / ESA.

Software Apps used for this post:

NASA Eyes on the Solar System: an immersive 3D solar system and space mission simulator – free for the PC /MAC.
Stellarium: a free web-based planetarium app. It’s a great tool for planning observing sessions.

Feature|The Sky|The Moon|The Sun|Asteroids|Fireballs|The Solar System|Spacecraft News|Exoplanets|Aurora|Light Pollution|The Universe|

Stay safe, be well, and look up!

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