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In the Sky this Week – September 20, 2022

By Robert Trembley  |  20 Sep 2022  |  Sacred Space Astronomy

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This entry is part 97 of 98 in the series Diary

M29
Feature|The Sky|The Moon|The Sun|Asteroids|Fireballs|The Solar System|Spacecraft News|Exoplanets|Aurora|Light Pollution|The Universe|
Hayley Beltz. Credit: UofM

Grad Students and Exoplanets

Hayley Beltz is a 2nd year graduate student a the University of Michigan – she studies exoplanets known as “Hot and Ultrahot Jupiters.” She recently gave a presentation to the Warren Astronomical Society about these worlds, how we find them, and what their atmospheres look like. It was pretty interesting, and I believe the first time we’ve had an actual exoplanet researcher give a talk.

It simply amazes me how exoplanet research has gone from being non-existent when I was at MTU, to become a rapidly growing field of study at universities; the James Webb Space Telescope, with its ability to study exoplanet atmospheres will only accelerate this trend.

51 Peg
Depiction of 51 Peg, a “Hot Jupiter” exoplanet. Credit: Bob Trembley / SpaceEngine

The Sky - In the Sky

Morning: Venus appears very low above the Eastern Horizon at sunrise – continuing appearing a bit lower, and a bit more eastward each morning.

Eastern Horizon at sunrise
Venus low above the eastern Horizon at sunrise. Credit: Bob Trembley / Stellarium.

Evening: Jupiter rises in the east, and Saturn appears high above the southeastern horizon after sunset.

East-southeastern horizon after sunset
Jupiter in the east, and Saturn high above the southeastern horizon after sunset. Credit: Bob Trembley / Stellarium.

Before Midnight: Jupiter appears high in the southeastern sky, and Saturn appears high in the southern sky before midnight.

South-southeastern sky before midnight
Jupiter appears high in the southeastern sky, and Saturn appears high in the southern sky before midnight. Credit: Bob Trembley / Stellarium.

Early Morning: Saturn sets in the southwest around 3:30 am, while Jupiter appears high in the southwestern sky.

Southwestern sky in early morning
Saturn sets in the southwest around 3:30 am, while Jupiter appears high in the southwestern sky. Credit: Bob Trembley / Stellarium.

Dawn: Jupiter fades into the dawn above the western horizon- appearing a bit lower each morning.

Western horizon at dawn
Jupiter fading into the dawn above the western horizon. Credit: Bob Trembley / Stellarium.

Early morning: Mars appears near the star Aldebaran a few hours before sunrise, both of them appearing high above the east-southeastern horizon; the constellation Orion is now fully visible before sunrise.

South-southeastern sky before dawn
Mars appears very high above the south-southeastern horizon before sunrise. Credit: Bob Trembley / Stellarium.

Early morning: The Moon appears near the star Regulus in the eastern sky before sunrise on Sept. 23rd.

Eastern sky before sunrise
The Moon near the star Regulus in the eastern sky before sunrise on Sept. 23rd. Credit: Bob Trembley / Stellarium.

The Moon - In the Sky
  • The Moon is a Waning Crescent – visible low to the east before sunrise.
  • The New Moon occurs on Sept. 25th – the part of the Moon facing Earth is completely in shadow.
  • After Sept. 25th, the Moon will be a Waxing Crescent – visible low to the southwest in the early evening.

Moon
The Moon from September 20-26, 2022. Visualizations by Ernie Wright / NASA’s Scientific Visualization Studio.

If you click on the Moon image above, or click this link, you will go to NASA’s Moon Phase and Libration, 2022 page – it will show you what the Moon looks like right now. If you click the image on that page, you will download a high-rez TIFF image annotated with the names of prominent features – helpful for logging your lunar observations! (See below)

Moon News

Last night I signed a Joint Statement on Lunar cooperation activities with NASA administrator @SenBillNelson, a valuable contribution to the preparations of #CM22 as we get closer to ensuring our cooperation on and around the Moon. pic.twitter.com/7aUWsv5q8k

— Josef Aschbacher (@AschbacherJosef) September 20, 2022

Visit the Moon on NASA’s Solar System Exploration site

The Sun - In the Sky

The Sun has four named sunspots – down from eight the last two weeks. These sunspots are all in the southern hemisphere

Spaceweather.com says: Sunspot AR3105 emerging over the sun’s eastern limb is growing rapidly: movie. We’ve seen this sunspot before. It’s AR3089 returning after a 2-week trip around the farside of the Sun. Instead of decaying, the old sunspot seems to be growing again. If this continues, it could soon pose a threat for Earth-directed flares.”

The Sun on September 13, 2022. Credit: SDO/HMI

The Sun seen in 193 angstroms on September 19th.

Active regions are spitting continuously; there is a figure 8 coronal hole crossing the equator – I can’t say I’ve ever seen one of those!

https://sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/assets/img/dailymov/2022/09/19/20220919_1024_0193.mp4

The Sun seen in 304 angstroms on September 19th.

The southern hemisphere has several crackling active regions; as happened last week, the thing rotating into view in the southern hemisphere has HUGE loops! The prominence in the upper right is thrashing about wildly!

https://sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/assets/img/dailymov/2022/09/19/20220919_1024_0304.mp4

Videos courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams.
You can view the Sun in near real-time, in multiple frequencies here: SDO-The Sun Now.
You can create your own time-lapse movies of the Sun here: AIA/HMI Browse Data.
You can browse all the SDO images of the Sun from 2010 to the present here: Browse SDO archive.


Amateur Solar Astrophotography

Sun
Sun Sept. 19, 2022. Credit: Akihiro Yamazaki

Solar Corona

Solar wind speed is 481.7 km/sec ▲ with a density of 7.27 protons/cm3 ▲▲ at 1225 UT.

Sun
SOHO LASCO C2 Latest Image

Click here to see a near real-time animation of the corona and solar wind from the Solar & Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO).

Sun News:

Time for another #SunDay space weather update! Over the past two weeks, there have been 5 solar flares, 28 coronal mass ejections, and 1 geomagnetic storm. pic.twitter.com/t9Ox69lp5n

— NASA Sun & Space (@NASASun) September 18, 2022

View the Sun on NASA’s 3D Interactive Solar System Exploration site
Asteroids - In the Sky
  • Near-Earth Objects (NEOs) discovered this month: 142, this year: 1914, all time: 29,740 (+80)
  • Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs): 2285 (+1 updated 2022-09-20)
  • Total Minor Planets discovered: 1,229,549 (+12,247 updated 2022-09-20)

Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:

Asteroid Date(UT) Miss Distance Velocity (km/s) Diameter (m)
2022 SC1 2022-Sep-20 14.4 LD 10.3 26
2022 SW1 2022-Sep-20 1.8 LD 10.1 11
2022 SH 2022-Sep-20 7.9 LD 7.6 11
2022 SA1 2022-Sep-21 18.7 LD 14.1 33
2022 SK1 2022-Sep-22 7.1 LD 8.4 34
2022 ST1 2022-Sep-22 4 LD 13.6 13
2022 SG 2022-Sep-22 7.3 LD 19.7 45
2022 QH8 2022-Sep-22 10.6 LD 15.3 53
2022 QK36 2022-Sep-23 18.7 LD 3.7 22
2022 SP 2022-Sep-24 9.2 LD 9.8 13
2022 SK 2022-Sep-24 18.1 LD 16.6 45
2022 RM 2022-Sep-25 14.2 LD 10 31
2022 SL1 2022-Sep-25 9.3 LD 8 23
2022 SU1 2022-Sep-25 4 LD 13.9 17
2022 SP1 2022-Sep-28 19 LD 4.6 19
2022 SZ 2022-Sep-28 13.7 LD 7.4 18
2022 SR1 2022-Sep-29 12.1 LD 6 25
2016 HF2 2022-Sep-29 19.2 LD 5.6 21
2018 ER1 2022-Oct-02 14.7 LD 4 27
2018 VG 2022-Oct-05 18.5 LD 6.7 12
2021 TJ10 2022-Oct-06 19.6 LD 8.1 6
2006 SG7 2022-Oct-07 16.7 LD 18.4 93
2013 TJ6 2022-Oct-07 11.7 LD 14.4 32
2022 RA5 2022-Oct-12 13.2 LD 5.1 34
2013 SL20 2022-Oct-14 6.2 LD 12.1 45
2020 TO2 2022-Oct-15 1.4 LD 12.6 18
2020 BD 2022-Oct-16 12.1 LD 11.4 20
2022 QM6 2022-Oct-17 19.8 LD 4.2 69
2022 RB5 2022-Oct-23 13.2 LD 5.2 116
2005 AZ28 2022-Oct-24 11.5 LD 5.4 56
2016 TH94 2022-Oct-25 19.1 LD 13.5 43
2019 AN5 2022-Oct-27 20 LD 6.8 213
2004 UT1 2022-Oct-29 4 LD 6.3 17
2021 VH 2022-Nov-01 5.9 LD 5.3 4
2022 RM4 2022-Nov-01 6 LD 23.5 433
2020 WD 2022-Nov-08 3 LD 6 8
2019 XS 2022-Nov-10 16.7 LD 11.9 60
2019 VL5 2022-Nov-15 8.5 LD 8.1 24
2018 WH 2022-Nov-16 2.5 LD 7.7 4
Notes: LD means “Lunar Distance.” 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU. MAG is the visual magnitude of the asteroid on the date of closest approach.

Click here to see NASA’s interactive “Eyes on Asteroids” close approach watch

Asteroid News:

DART impact watch party, anyone?

George Dvorsky (@dvorsky) describes expectations for the #DART mission outcome, which impact on the #asteroid Dimorphos will take place in a few days. Check out his article on @Gizmodo:https://t.co/I6YLwZ96pB pic.twitter.com/Xy010tsI55

— Asteroid Day ☄ (@AsteroidDay) September 19, 2022

Fireballs - In the Sky

On September 19, 2022, the NASA All Sky Fireball Network reported 9 fireballs!
(9 sporadics)

In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point–Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). Source: SpaceWeather.com

Fireball News:

LOTs of videos for AMS event #6109-2022 – a huge fireball between Northern Ireland and Scotland – Sept. 14, 2022 at 20:57 UT – this one with exclamatory commentary!

Not all "shooting stars" are #meteors. Astronomers say that the fireball that crossed the sky over Scotland and Northern Ireland yesterday is presumably space debris. Learn more in this article https://t.co/QzHAchxSg3

— Asteroid Day ☄ (@AsteroidDay) September 15, 2022

If you see a bright meteor or a fireball, please REPORT IT to the American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization!

Visit the Vatican Observatory’s Tucson Meteor-Cam Page
The Solar System - In the Sky

Position of the planets & several spacecraft in the inner solar system on Sept. 20th:

Inner Solar System
Oblique view of the inner solar system on September 20, 2022. Credit: Bob Trembley / NASA Eyes on the Solar System

Position of the planets in the middle solar system – Sept. 20th:

Middle Solar System
Oblique view of the middle solar system on September 20, 2022. Credit: Bob Trembley / NASA Eyes on the Solar System

Position of the planets in the outer solar system – Sept. 20th:

Outer Solar System
Oblique view of the outer solar system on September 20, 2022. Credit: Bob Trembley / NASA Eyes on the Solar System

Click here to see NASA’s interactive solar system website

Solar System News

Seismometers on Insight “hear” meteoroid impacts on Mars; data used to help MRO locate the craters! I’m all for active seismometer networks being installed on the Moon and Mars.

Really cool result from @NASAInSight – confirmed observations of meteoroid impacts on Mars.

This is such a valuable find, it can help calibrate all the other data from the entire mission because we can pinpoint the location on a map! https://t.co/EF8RXLBs3k

— WeMartians Podcast (@We_Martians) September 19, 2022

Spacecraft News - In the Sky

Mars Helicopter Completes Flight 32

The #MarsHelicopter completed Flight 32 over the weekend! 🚁 The 55.3-second flight covered 93.74m at a max speed of 4.75 meters per second. Full details on the flight log: https://t.co/7XQbZK6Ogi

Can you spot the two hints of Ingenuity in this image? pic.twitter.com/1oj6jMDFdl

— NASA JPL (@NASAJPL) September 20, 2022

#Artemis1 fueling test


#NASA prepping for key fueling test of #Artemis1 moon rocket on Wednesday

A successful test would keep Artemis 1 on track for a Sept. 27 liftoff.https://t.co/pkg0N1xjnS

— Nayef Al-Rodhan (@SustainHistory) September 19, 2022

DART - Stay on Target!


@NASA's #DARTmission 1 second before impact - Mon. Sept. 26th at 7:14:18 pm.

Image from NASA's new Eyes on the Solar System Web App: https://t.co/K7PUGltVxu pic.twitter.com/qKAiNXmFjU

— AstroBalrog (@AstroBalrog) September 19, 2022

Animation Featuring Mars Insight

Experience the Interactive Insight Mission

What's that? Oh, just the sound of new craters being made on Mars. Sound up for the latest from the @NASAInSight lander, whose seismometer picked up the signal of a meteoroid hitting the Martian atmosphere, breaking up, and hitting the ground: https://t.co/hyzc5F1BrM pic.twitter.com/cB7UjDerbR

— NASA (@NASA) September 19, 2022

HiRISE - Beautiful Mars

See the MRO mission on NASA’s Solar System Exploration site

Labou Vallis crater with valleys - https://t.co/o6sA6HbyIT pic.twitter.com/MzYKNKQbXh

— HiRISE Bot (@HiRISEBot) September 20, 2022

More International Space Station space-to-Earth calls

Click to see the ISS on NASA’s Solar System Exploration site

At 11:10am ET this Thursday, Sept. 22, students in Houston will hear from @NASA_Astronauts @Astro_Kjell and @Astro_FarmerBob aboard the space station in a space-to-Earth call that will air live on NASA TV. https://t.co/0bykl5tfJ1

— International Space Station (@Space_Station) September 19, 2022

CAPSTONE Still in safe mode

See CAPSTONE on NASA’s Solar System Exploration site

MISSION UPDATE: Work continues on recovery efforts for #CAPSTONE following an issue last week that put the spacecraft into safe mode: https://t.co/HcXetlBdan pic.twitter.com/r0E0vTuLu3

— NASA Ames (@NASAAmes) September 15, 2022

CO2

416.05 ppm #CO2 – up from 413.07 a year ago

📈 416.00 ppm #CO2 in the atmosphere on September 12, 2022
📈 Up 2.92 ppm from 413.08 a year ago
📈 @NOAA Mauna Loa data & graphic: https://t.co/nu6ktMn2wU 🌎 More https://t.co/DpFGQoYEwb info at https://t.co/PTTkLiPGm2 🙏 Please share this important signal for all to see🙏 pic.twitter.com/n72cTGTCSU

— CO2_Earth (@CO2_earth) September 13, 2022

See a list of current NASA missions here: https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions?mission_status=current

Exoplanets - In the Sky

ex·o·plan·et /ˈeksōˌplanət/, noun: a planet orbiting a star other than the Sun.

All Exoplanets 5090 (+6)
Confirmed Planets Discovered by Kepler 2708
Kepler Project Candidates Yet To Be Confirmed 2056
Confirmed Planets Discovered by K2 537
K2 Candidates Yet To Be Confirmed 969
Confirmed Planets Discovered by TESS 253 (+4)
TESS Project Candidates Integrated into Archive 5887 (+42)
Current date TESS Project Candidates at ExoFOP 5887
TESS Candidates Yet To Be Confirmed 3933 (-4)
Data from the NASA Exoplanet Archive

* Confirmed Planets Discovered by TESS refers to the number planets that have been published in the refereed astronomical literature.
* TESS Project Candidates refers to the total number of transit-like events that appear to be astrophysical in origin, including false positives as identified by the TESS Project.
* TESS Project Candidates Yet To Be Confirmed refers to the number of TESS Project Candidates that have not yet been dispositioned as a Confirmed Planet or False Positive.

Click here to see NASA’s interactive exoplanet website

Exoplanet News:

September 16, 2022

Six New Planets, Including Two Nearby Super-Earths

This week’s new planets include two temperate super-Earths that transit LP 890-9, a very cool star that is 100 light-years from Earth. Read the Delrez et al. 2022 discovery paper and the University of Liège media release.

This week’s new planets are GJ 0896 A b, GJ 3090 b, HD 56414 b, LP 890-9 b & c (a.k.a. TOI-4306 b & c), and TOI-2048 b.

All new data from this week’s release can also be found in the Planetary Systems Table and its companion table, Planetary Systems Composite Parameters.

Scientists checked in on Earth's planetary neighbor
Mars with @NASAWebb and atmospheric readings reveal carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and water. Reading the light like this is how we can now study planets *much* farther away.🤩
https://t.co/jR9Io84FND pic.twitter.com/z5Q74yApZ8

— NASA Exoplanets (@NASAExoplanets) September 19, 2022

All These Worlds

An ever-growing slideshow with exoplanet images I’ve created for these posts:

M29

M28

M27

M26

M26

M25

M24

M23

M22

M21

M21

M20

M18

M17

M16

M15

M13

M13

M13

Groombridge 1618 b

Groombridge 1618

DE CVn

Artistic rendering of an exoplanet orbiting Gliese 3622

Gliese 876

Gliese 1002

Gliese 1002

Gliese 229

Luyten 145-141

Gliese 687

Gliese 674

Exoplanet

Wolf 1061 b

Lacaille 8760

Lacaille 8760

Artistic rendering

Artistic rendering

Luyten's Star

Sunset on YZ Ceti b

YZ Ceti b

Exoplanet Gliese 1061 b

Epsilon Indi Ab

Groombridge 34 Ab

Ross 128 b

Lacaille 9352

Ringed Exoplanet

Ross 154

Wolf 359 b

Exoplanet

51 Eri b

Dimidium

Proxima Centauri b

Hot Exoplanet PSR J1719-14 b

Exoplanet near Trifid Nebula

Exoplanet

Betelgeuse

Exoplanet Kepler-903 b

Hypothetical Exoplanet

NGTS-4b

Exoplanet artwork

Exoplanet Artwork

Exoplanet PSR B1257+12 b

Hypothetical exoplanet

Blue Sunrise

Red Sunrise

Kepler-16b

Hypothetical exoplanet RSC 10389-10378-1-1-11 3

Exoplanet WASP 12 b

Exoplanet Kepler-1449 b

Exoplanet Art

Exoplanet 55 Cancri e

Exoplanet Artwork

Exoplanet Artwork

Exoplanet Kepler-47 c

M22

M22

Aurora - In the Sky
Aurora explosion over Northern Norway. Taken by Markus Varik  on September 19, 2022 @ Tromsø Norway

SpaceWeather.com Realtime Aurora Gallery: https://spaceweathergallery.com/aurora_gallery.html

Latest Aurora Oval Forecast

Aurora – 30 Minute forecast. Credit: NOAA. Click image to see northern and southern hemisphere Aurora forecast.
Light Pollution - In the Sky

💡 #LightPollution is increasing globally by at least 2% each year, posing a serious threat to migratory birds.

➡️ Find out about the types of light pollution, how it impacts both birds and people, and the solutions that are available with this factsheet developed by the @eaafp. pic.twitter.com/iKyADGQ9KI

— World Migratory Bird Day (@WMBD) September 16, 2022

  • Visit an International Dark Sky Park: https://www.darksky.org/our-work/conservation/idsp/parks/
  • If you live in Michigan, visit the Michigan Dark Skies site: https://sites.lsa.umich.edu/darkskies/
The Universe - In the Sky

Beautiful Universe

1/ This Picture of the Week shows a bright young star shrouded by gas and dust, thought to be an explosive event caused by the disruption of a massive young star system.

Read more: https://t.co/bUy0XzBrcb pic.twitter.com/L9gksWt38z

— HUBBLE (@HUBBLE_space) September 19, 2022

Messier Tour: M29 – Open Cluster

M29. Credit: Veryoldphotons/Wikimedia/CC BY-SA 4.0

Messier 29 (M29) is an open cluster located in the constellation Cygnus, the Swan. The cluster has an apparent magnitude of 7.1. Messier 29 is too faint to be spotted by the naked eye, but can be seen in binoculars. It is best observed in telescopes at the lowest powers. The cluster lies at an approximate distance of 4,000 light years from Earth. It has the designation NGC 6913 in the New General Catalogue.

Messier 29 is located in the vicinity of the bright supergiant star Sadr, Gamma Cygni, which marks the intersection of the Northern Cross, a familiar asterism in the summer sky. With a visual magnitude of 2.23, Sadr is the second brightest star in Deneb. M29 can be found 1.7 degrees to the south and a little east of Sadr. It lies in a rich, crowded region of the Milky Way.

Messier 29 is relatively small, occupying an area of 7 arc minutes in the sky, or a quarter the size of the full Moon. The cluster has a linear diameter of only 11 light years. – messier-objects.com

Messier 29 and Sadr. Image: Wikisky

It is classified as Trumpler class III, 3, p, n, which means that it is a detached cluster without noticeable concentration (III), it contains both bright and faint stars (3), it has fewer than 50 stars (p), and there is nebulosity associated with it (n). The nebulosity around the cluster can be seen in photographs.

Messier 29 is approaching us at 28 km/s. The cluster is part of the Cygnus OB1 association, a group of stars that share a common motion, age and place of origin. – messier-objects.com

Messier 29. Image: Adam Block/Mount Lemmon SkyCenter/University of Arizona

The five hottest members of M29 are giant stars belonging to the spectral class B0, about 160,000 times more luminous than the Sun. The estimated age of the cluster is 10 million years. There are six stars in M29 that are brighter than magnitude 9.5. The brightest one has a visual magnitude of 8.59.

The cluster’s brightest stars form a quadrilateral and another three form a triangle, located just to the north of the quadrilateral, giving M29 the shape of a squashed dipper. This shape is visible in 3.1-inch telescopes. – messier-objects.com

Without the dust of the Milky Way obscuring the cluster, the stars in M29 would appear about 1,000 times brighter.

Note from Bob: I have to admit – I was shocked by this statement. I stared at it, and the photo of the cluster… realizing that I’ve truly had no idea of the actual amount of dust in our galaxy!

M29
M29 and interstellar dust seen from the AKARI Far-Infrared All-Sky Survey – Band N60 (65 micron). Credit: Bob Trembley / Stellarium

The especially hot binary Wolf-Rayet star WR 143 (WC4+Be) (HD 195177) can be found near this cluster. – Wikipedia

Location of M29 in the Milky Way

The cluster is located 3,740 light years from the Sun, and lies within the disk of the galaxy – my first thought at seeing its position was what would Baade’s Window look like from this cluster? Would it be completely closed, or show a different region of stars behind it?

M29
Depiction of M29’s position in relation to the Sun and the Milky Way’s core – top-down view. Credit: Bob Trembley / SpaceEngine.

Here’s my obligatory “What would a planet look like if it were near that Messier object” pic:

M29
Depiction of an exoplanet and moon orbiting a star in Messier 29 (M29). Credit: Bob Trembley / SpaceEngine

Click here to view M29 in the Worldwide Telescope web client

Cover Image: Messier 29. Credit: Digitized Sky Survey / WorldWideTelescope

Messier Object List: [Link]


Software Apps used for this post:

NASA Eyes on the Solar System: an immersive 3D solar system and space mission simulator – free for the PC /MAC.
Stellarium: a free web-based planetarium app. It’s a great tool for planning observing sessions. Latest update released on July 7, 2022.
SpaceEngine – Explore the universe in 3D and VR! Latest update released on July 6, 2022.
Worldwide Telescope – operated by the American Astronomical Society (AAS). Latest update released on March 31, 2022.

Feature|The Sky|The Moon|The Sun|Asteroids|Fireballs|The Solar System|Spacecraft News|Exoplanets|Aurora|Light Pollution|The Universe|

Clear skies, stay safe, be well, and look up!

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More Posts in this Series:
"Diary"

78  |  What Do We Lose When We Sacrifice Science?

By Br. Guy Consolmagno  |  27 May 2021  |  Sacred Space Astronomy

69  |  To err is human… to admit it, is science

By Br. Guy Consolmagno  |  25 Mar 2021  |  Sacred Space Astronomy

95  |  Across the Universe: Angels in the Moon

By Br. Guy Consolmagno  |  21 Jul 2022

96  |  God and the Big Bang with Astrophysicist Fr. Adam Hincks, SJ

By Faith and Science  |  23 Sep 2022  |  Resources

98  |  Skyward by David Levy: Mid-September 2022

By David Levy  |  15 Sep 2022  |  Sacred Space Astronomy

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