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In the Sky this Week – September 7, 2021

By Robert Trembley  |  7 Sep 2021  |  Sacred Space Astronomy

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This entry is part 207 of 246 in the series In the Sky This Week

Feature|The Sky|The Moon|The Sun|Asteroids|Fireballs|The Solar System|Spacecraft News|Exoplanets|Aurora|Light Pollution|The Universe|

Back to School / After-School

My wife and I are starting up our after-school astronomy and space science club again this year – the Endeavour Space Academy. We want to a lot of hands-on activities with the students, and try to get eyes on telescopes – even though that has been problematic in the past.

We have several buddies in various astronomy clubs who have said they’d be willing to speak remotely to the club, or host live-stream telescope sessions for the students at night.

I’m not sure if we’ll be able to run Kerbal Space Program or not; the PCs that I installed upgraded video cards in (so that they could run KSP) have been replaced – who knows what happened to the old hardware…

Endeavour Space Academy Rocket . Credit: Bob Trembley
The Sky - In the Sky

The Moon and Venus appear in the southwestern sky dusk; the Moon appears near Venus on September 9th, and near the star Aldebaran on September 12th.

  • Southwestern horizon at dusk
    Venus appears low above the southwestern horizon at dusk all week. The Moon appears near Venus on Sept. 9th. Credit: Bob Trembley / Stellarium.
  • Southwestern horizon at dusk
    Venus appears low above the southwestern horizon at dusk all week. The Moon appears near the star Antares on Sept. 12th. Credit: Bob Trembley / Stellarium.

Jupiter and Saturn appear in the southeastern sky after sunset.

Southeastern sky after sunset
Jupiter and Saturn appear high in the southeastern sky after sunset all week. Credit: Bob Trembley / Stellarium.

The star Sirius shines brightly low in the southeastern sky before sunrise; earlier last week, I saw Sirius… and ONLY Sirius, twinkling madly through a thin veil of clouds.

Southeastern sky before sunrise
Sirius is low, and Orion high in the southeastern sky before sunrise all week. Credit: Bob Trembley / Stellarium.
The Moon - In the Sky
  • The Moon is a a Waxing Crescent – visible toward the southwest in early evening.
  • The First Quarter Moon occurs on September 13th – visible high in the southern sky in early evening.
  • After September 13th, the Moon will be a Waxing Gibbous – visible to the southeast in early evening, up for most of the night.
Moon
The Moon from September 7-13, 2021. Visualizations by Ernie Wright / NASA’s Scientific Visualization Studio.

If you click on the Moon image above, or click this link, you will go to NASA’s Moon Phase and Libration, 2021 page – it will show you what the Moon looks like right now. If you click the image on that page, you will download a high-rez TIFF image annotated with the names of prominent features – helpful for logging your lunar observations!

Moon News:

Get in astronaut, we’re going exploring 💫

We’re asking American companies for input on approaches and solutions for a Lunar Terrain Vehicle to transport #Artemis astronauts around the lunar South Pole. Submit your idea: https://t.co/W7LYyJwMTR pic.twitter.com/0FCyj8IMLd

— NASA Artemis (@NASAArtemis) August 31, 2021

The Sun - In the Sky

The Sun is covered in spots! SpaceWeather.com says: “For the first time in years, there are multiple large spots on the sun” and “sunspots AR2866 and AR2868 are crackling with minor B-class solar flares.”

The Sun on August 31, 2021. Credit: SDO/HMI

The Sun seen in 193 angstroms on September 6th.

Tornadoes (plasma indirection) appear in several locations on the Sun’s limb; the large sunspot regions are all blowing off flares.

The northern coronal hole remains HUGE, the southern hole has reopened, and there appears to be a large coronal hole in the southern hemisphere.

https://sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/assets/img/dailymov/2021/09/06/20210906_1024_0193.mp4

The Sun seen in 304 angstroms on September 6th.

Spots can be seen blowing off flares in this frequency too! Moderate prominence activity along the limb – but that one in the upper left is HUGE! In fact -if you look close, you’ll see a filament on the Sun’s face stretching up to the prominence in the upper left

https://sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/assets/img/dailymov/2021/09/06/20210906_1024_0304.mp4
Videos courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams.
You can view the Sun in near real-time, in multiple frequencies here: SDO-The Sun Now.
You can create your own time-lapse movies of the Sun here: AIA/HMI Browse Data.
You can browse all the SDO images of the Sun from 2010 to the present here: Browse SDO archive.

Amateur Solar Astrophotography

Seriously! Click into the image here, then again on the SpaceWeather.com site to see this in hi-rez!

Hi-Res AR2868. Taken by Michael Karrer  on September 6, 2021 @ Austria

Solar Corona

Solar wind speed is 361.9 km/sec ▼ with a density of 13.9 protons/cm3 ▼ at 1344 UT.

Sun
SOHO LASCO C2 Latest Image

Click here to see a near real-time animation of the corona and solar wind from the Solar & Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO).

Sun News:

I mention the Carrington Event in my Sun Lecture.

I'm pretty sure the U.S. could greatly bolster its power infrastructure to stave off any negative effects from a similar event during future solar maximums… like the one coming up now. pic.twitter.com/qoe5TrNFwA

— AstroBalrog (@AstroBalrog) September 7, 2021

Asteroids - In the Sky
  • Near-Earth Objects (NEOs) discovered this month: 40, this year: 1840 (+105), all time: 26,679 (+105)
  • Potentially hazardous asteroids: 2205 (+2 updated 2021-09-07)
  • Total Minor Planets discovered (NASA): 1,113,527 (updated 2021-08-17)
  • Total Minor Planets discovered (MPC): 1,116,816 (updated 2021-08-31) – odd to see these last t numbers NOT be updated in a couple weeks!

Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:

Asteroid Date(UT) Miss Distance Velocity (km/s) Diameter (m)
2021 QH1 2021-Sep-07 2.2 LD 7.8 28
2021 RB 2021-Sep-08 12.7 LD 7.4 22
2021 QY3 2021-Sep-08 8 LD 11.5 25
2021 QG 2021-Sep-09 6.2 LD 5.8 18
2010 RJ53 2021-Sep-09 9.6 LD 19.3 56
2020 KR2 2021-Sep-10 14.2 LD 5.1 17
2021 RE 2021-Sep-10 14.5 LD 12.9 82
2021 RQ1 2021-Sep-11 16.6 LD 6.6 19
2008 CD6 2021-Sep-13 4 LD 14.4 65
2021 QR3 2021-Sep-14 16.7 LD 14.6 59
2021 QG2 2021-Sep-16 18.1 LD 7.3 30
2021 QV5 2021-Sep-16 12.8 LD 15.4 42
2021 QA2 2021-Sep-18 10.7 LD 13 54
2017 SL16 2021-Sep-20 12.8 LD 6.1 23
2021 RS 2021-Sep-22 18.7 LD 3.3 32
2021 NY1 2021-Sep-22 3.9 LD 9.4 177
2019 SF6 2021-Sep-26 16.4 LD 8.6 20
1998 SD9 2021-Oct-06 10.6 LD 10.8 59
2015 TQ21 2021-Oct-07 10.7 LD 20.7 12
2021 QF5 2021-Oct-11 15.4 LD 7.1 47
2019 SE5 2021-Oct-11 16.3 LD 6.6 16
2020 TH6 2021-Oct-19 7.3 LD 5.9 6
1996 VB3 2021-Oct-20 8.8 LD 15.3 135
2017 SJ20 2021-Oct-25 18.7 LD 15.7 123
2019 UW6 2021-Oct-26 8 LD 11.1 17
2009 WY7 2021-Nov-02 19.2 LD 14.7 54
2017 TS3 2021-Nov-02 14 LD 9.9 135
2005 VL1 2021-Nov-04 17 LD 5.2 18
Notes: LD means “Lunar Distance.” 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU. MAG is the visual magnitude of the asteroid on the date of closest approach.

Asteroid News:

Eagle Scout who suggested name for asteroid Bennu gets an asteroid named after him!

Congratulations Mike Puzio on getting an #asteroid named after you! Mike suggested the name for asteroid #Bennu, visited by the @OSIRISREx mission. pic.twitter.com/uRY9g7EoDY

— AstroBalrog (@AstroBalrog) September 7, 2021

What is your favorite asteroid and why?

What is your favorite asteroid and why?
Get to know #asteroids #Bennu, #Mathilde, #Vesta, #Psyche, and #Apophis, five of the most interesting asteroids out there, in this @exploreplanets short video series, "Meet the Asteroids."
Watch here: https://t.co/gLS0wFDVwo pic.twitter.com/LeExx7snjF

— Asteroid Day ☄ (@AsteroidDay) September 1, 2021

1000: That’s the number of the almost 27,000 known near-Earth asteroids that have come close enough to be observed with planetary radar since 1968. Planetary radar helps us predict the asteroids' orbital paths and study what they are made of. https://t.co/eN9nXZVeT2 pic.twitter.com/CRGUVJq12J

— NASA Solar System (@NASASolarSystem) September 3, 2021
Fireballs - In the Sky

On September 7, 2021, the NASA All Sky Fireball Network reported 20 fireballs!
(15 sporadics, 5 September epsilon Perseids)

In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point–Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). Credit: SpaceWeather.com

Fireball News:

Splash! The trajectory of last night's meteoroid. See @VigieCiel for more (in French). @UK_Fireball @willgater @UKMeteorNetwork pic.twitter.com/mFYTt2IHvc

— SCAMP – a component of the FRIPON network (@SCAMP_Meteors) September 6, 2021

If you see a bright meteor or a fireball, please REPORT IT to the American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization!

The Solar System - In the Sky

Position of the planets & several spacecraft in the inner solar system on September 6th:

Inner Solar System
Top-down view of the inner solar system on September 7, 2021. Credit: Bob Trembley / NASA Eyes on the Solar System

Position of the planets in the middle solar system:

Middle Solar System
Top-down view of the middle solar system on September 7, 2021. Credit: Bob Trembley / NASA Eyes on the Solar System

Position of the planets in the outer solar system:

Outer Solar System
Top-down view of the outer solar system on September 7, 2021. Credit: Bob Trembley / NASA Eyes on the Solar System

Solar System News

Sarah Dudjak, a high school senior in Florida, uses a giant NASA radio telescope to study Jupiter as part of the GAVRT program, which lets students work with experts to do research on planets, black holes, and the Sun. Learn more: https://t.co/7ZSfeAfkRE pic.twitter.com/XFgVPijcEL

— NASA Solar System (@NASASolarSystem) September 3, 2021

Spacecraft News - In the Sky

NASA's Perseverance Mars Rover

First core sample ever drilled on another planet ready to come home… someday…

It’s official: I’ve now captured, sealed, and stored the first core sample ever drilled on another planet, in a quest to return samples to Earth. It’s the first in a one-of-a-kind Martian rock collection. #SamplingMars

Read more: https://t.co/bs4Hd4Fzyw pic.twitter.com/2jwF7cOcMZ

— NASA's Perseverance Mars Rover (@NASAPersevere) September 6, 2021

International Space Station

Space walks!!

The Exp 65 crew is getting ready for spacewalks on Thursday and Sunday while studying space biology and working on life support gear today. https://t.co/21xYITYndM

— International Space Station (@Space_Station) September 7, 2021

International Space Station

Even more space walks!

Cosmonauts Oleg Novitskiy and Pyotr Dubrov concluded their spacewalk at 6:35pm ET after 7 hrs and 54 min. It is the first of up to 11 spacewalks to prepare the new Nauka multipurpose laboratory module for operations in space. https://t.co/UNu3ooPXpq

— International Space Station (@Space_Station) September 3, 2021

HiRISE - Beautiful Mars

Grab your 3D glasses!

Hi3D: Possible Clay Outcrop in the Walls to the South of Aurorae Chaos

The potential clay outcrop is along the margin of chaos terrain, evident in CRISM mapping data. Our anaglyph can help to determine the thickness and regional variation of these clays.https://t.co/o3BRxel4Nr pic.twitter.com/vZx3Tbnqq6

— HiRISE: Beautiful Mars (NASA) (@HiRISE) September 7, 2021

Landsat Program

Boston founded Sept. 7, 1630

OTD in 1630, Boston, the capital of Massachusetts was founded. Happy 391st birthday!
Get NLCD Imperviousness data at https://t.co/R8DTrvHIXJ pic.twitter.com/gQpUdi3aT3

— USGS Land Cover (@USGSLandCover) September 7, 2021

James Webb Space Telescope structure made from graphite composites

Game, set, match. #USOpen fans, #DYK that both #NASAWebb & tennis rackets are built with graphite composites? Lightweight yet strong and stable, they're great for a space telescope at cryogenic temperatures and for the ultimate boost in serve speed 🎾 https://t.co/ptZ2siVZuM pic.twitter.com/1QIecdIQup

— NASA Webb Telescope (@NASAWebb) September 3, 2021

Climate

It's not the 🌞. It's not 🌋. It's not changes in Earth's orbit or magnetic field.

Instead, evidence points to humans warming the planet, primarily by burning fossil fuels. Learn more ⬇️https://t.co/xVRv6CF1wq

— NASA Climate (@NASAClimate) September 7, 2021

See a list of current NASA missions here: https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions?mission_status=current

Exoplanets - In the Sky

ex·o·plan·et /ˈeksōˌplanət/, noun: a planet orbiting a star other than the Sun.

All Exoplanets 4514 (+2)
Confirmed Planets Discovered by Kepler 2402
Kepler Project Candidates Yet To Be Confirmed 2361
Confirmed Planets Discovered by K2 463
K2 Candidates Yet To Be Confirmed 889
Confirmed Planets Discovered by TESS 154
TESS Project Candidates Integrated into Archive (2021-08-27 13:00:02) 4471 (+26)
Current date TESS Project Candidates at ExoFOP 4471 (+26)
TESS Candidates Yet To Be Confirmed 3043 (-19)

Data from the NASA Exoplanet Archive
* Confirmed Planets Discovered by TESS refers to the number planets that have been published in the refereed astronomical literature.
* TESS Project Candidates refers to the total number of transit-like events that appear to be astrophysical in origin, including false positives as identified by the TESS Project.
* TESS Project Candidates Yet To Be Confirmed refers to the number of TESS Project Candidates that have not yet been dispositioned as a Confirmed Planet or False Positive.

Exoplanet News:

On the road for #LaborDay or nestled at home, you can explore with us! We have 360-degree views of exoplanet surfaces, along with free posters for otherworldly destinations and the space telescopes that discovered them. https://t.co/fJvd5gJmk7 pic.twitter.com/W4EdoG6T4w

— NASA Exoplanets (@NASAExoplanets) September 6, 2021

Aurora - In the Sky
Auroras. Taken by Jocelyn Blanchette  on August 27, 2021 @ Fermont, Quebec, Canada

SpaceWeather.com Realtime Aurora Gallery: https://spaceweathergallery.com/aurora_gallery.html

Light Pollution - In the Sky

The islands of Pellworm & Spiekeroog are now recognized as Star Islands & Intl Dark Sky Communities!

What are smarter ways of lighting our communities to combat light pollution? Visit South Downs National Park in the UK to learn how are coming together to turn down their lights and keep the night dark in the Dark Sky Reserve.

Learn more: https://t.co/bKboPeqUbJ

— IDA Dark-Sky (@IDADarkSky) September 3, 2021

  • Visit an International Dark Sky Park: https://www.darksky.org/our-work/conservation/idsp/parks/
  • If you live in Michigan, visit the Michigan Dark Skies site: https://sites.lsa.umich.edu/darkskies/
The Universe - In the Sky

Education and STEM

College students are invited to get hands-on experience with sticky-note-sized LunaSats

Hands-on lunar research, but make it small! 🤏🛰️

College students are invited to get hands-on experience with sticky-note-sized LunaSats at the @GLEE2023 Workshop in October.

Don't wait! Applications are due Sept. 13!https://t.co/CwqczONP3Q pic.twitter.com/wZAYt5MsFE

— NASA STEM (@NASASTEM) August 30, 2021

NASA STEM Back to School Resources

📧 Get the inside scoop with our NASA Explore newsletter! This week, find out about @NASASTEM back to school resources, the upcoming @SpaceX cargo mission launch, and more.

Read online: https://t.co/g7gLGKEupF
Sign up: https://t.co/MyG37QzGhO pic.twitter.com/Ssf40jCwCq

— NASA (@NASA) August 21, 2021

Hubble – Beautiful Universe: Star Cluster Westerlund 2 in Nebula Gum 29

Star Cluster Westerlund 2 at the Heart of the Nebula Gum 29. Credit: NASA, ESA, the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA), A. Nota (ESA/STScI), and the Westerlund 2 Science Team

The brilliant tapestry of young stars flaring to life resembles a glittering fireworks display at the heart of Nebula Gum 29. The giant cluster of about 3,000 stars, called Westerlund 2, resides in a raucous stellar breeding ground located 20,000 light-years away from Earth in the constellation Carina.

The giant star cluster is only about 2 million years old and contains some of our galaxy’s hottest, brightest, and most massive stars. Some of its heftiest stars unleash torrents of ultraviolet light and hurricane-force winds of charged particles that etch at the enveloping hydrogen gas cloud.

The nebula reveals a fantasy landscape of pillars, ridges, and valleys. The pillars, composed of dense gas and thought to be incubators for new stars, are a few light-years tall and point to the central star cluster. Other dense regions surround the pillars, including reddish-brown filaments of gas and dust.

The brilliant stars sculpt the gaseous terrain of the nebula and help create a successive generation of baby stars. When the stellar winds hit dense walls of gas, the shockwaves may spark a new torrent of star birth along the wall of the cavity. The red dots scattered throughout the landscape are a rich population of newly forming stars still wrapped in their gas-and-dust cocoons. These tiny, faint stars are between 1 million and 2 million years old — relatively young stars — that have not yet ignited the hydrogen in their cores. The brilliant blue stars seen throughout the image are mostly foreground stars.

Because the cluster is very young — in astronomical terms — it has not had time to disperse its stars deep into interstellar space, providing astronomers with an opportunity to gather information on how the cluster formed by studying it within its star-birthing environment.

The image’s central region, which contains the star cluster, blends visible-light data taken by Hubble’s Advanced Camera for Surveys with near-infrared exposures taken by the Wide Field Camera 3. The surrounding region is composed of visible-light observations taken by the Advanced Camera for Surveys. The red colors in the nebulosity represent hydrogen; the bluish-green hues are predominantly oxygen. – NASA

This visualization provides a three-dimensional perspective on Hubble’s 25th anniversary image of the nebula Gum 29 with the star cluster Westerlund 2 at its core. The flight traverses the foreground stars and approaches the lower left rim of the nebula Gum 29.

Passing through the wispy darker clouds on the near side, the journey reveals bright gas illuminated by the intense radiation of the newly formed stars of cluster Westerlund 2. Within the nebula, several pillars of dark, dense gas are being shaped by the energetic light and strong stellar winds from the brilliant cluster of thousands of stars.

Note that the visualization is intended to be a scientifically reasonable interpretation and that distances within the model are significantly compressed.

CREDITS:NASA, ESA, G. Bacon, L. Frattare, Z. Levay, and F. Summers (Viz3D Team, STScI), and J. Anderson (STScI); Acknowledgment: The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA), A. Nota (ESA/STScI), the Westerlund 2 Science Team, and ESO

Software Apps used for this post:

NASA Eyes on the Solar System: an immersive 3D solar system and space mission simulator – free for the PC /MAC.
SpaceEngine: a free 3D Universe Simulator for Windows. Steam version with VR support available.
Stellarium: a free open source planetarium app for PC/MAC/Linux. It’s a great tool for planning observing sessions. A web-based version of Stellarium is also available.

Feature|The Sky|The Moon|The Sun|Asteroids|Fireballs|The Solar System|Spacecraft News|Exoplanets|Aurora|Light Pollution|The Universe|

Stay safe, be well, and look up!

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"In the Sky This Week"

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208  |  In the Sky this Week – September 14, 2021

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209  |  In the Sky this Week – September 21, 2021

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